World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

PRECLINICAL EVIDENCES FOR POTENTIAL OF AGMATINE IN TREATMENT OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME IN RATS

Vinjavarapu L. Anusha*, B. Ajay, B. Hemanth, A. Chiranjeevi, D. Sonu Naik, V. Vamsi Krishna, S. K. Rafi, D. Hari Babu, S. K. Suleman Basha, Ikramul Hussain, Himadri Barmann

ABSTRACT

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder defined by high levels of androgens, insulin resistance, problems with ovarian function, and metabolic issues. Current treatments often have limitations or negative side effects. Agmatine, a compound made from the amino acid arginine, plays a role in regulating nitric oxide, imidazoline, and NMDA receptors, and affects oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell survival. It may serve as a potential treatment for various disorders. However, there is little preclinical evidence about agmatine's effects in PCOS, especially in rat models. This review gathers what is known from animal studies, particularly rats, about agmatine's impact on ovarian structure, hormone levels, metabolic factors, oxidative stress, and key signaling pathways in PCOS or similar conditions. We explore possible mechanisms of action, the strengths and weaknesses of current findings, and suggest future research directions. The results indicate that agmatine may help preserve the ovarian reserve, reduce oxidative stress, balance apoptosis and cell growth, and influence important pathways like mTOR, FXR-GLP-1, and nitric oxide signaling. However, there is a lack of direct studies using established rat PCOS models, and many findings rely on indirect evidence from related stress or ovarian reserve models. We conclude that agmatine holds promise in preclinical research, but thorough work using rat PCOS models is necessary before it can be used clinically

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