World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

LC–MS CHARACTERIZATION AND EFFICACY INVESTIGATION OF GEMCITABINE IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML) CELL LINE MODELS

Fariya Sultana*, Dr. Syed Ahmed Hussain, Ghousia Begum, Nada Ahmed Al Amoodi, Bilquis Begum, Somabatthini Shruthi, Ayesha Ayub Khan, Muskan Khatoon

ABSTRACT

This study evaluates the therapeutic activity of Gemcitabine in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line models through a five-assay in vitro screening panel comparing its efficacy to Cytarabine, the established chemotherapeutic control. Two viability assays (Resazurin/Alamar Blue and ATP Luminescence) and three cytotoxicity assays (Annexin V/PI, Caspase-3/7 activity, and LDH release) were conducted. Gemcitabine demonstrated moderate suppression of viability (55% and 50% vs vehicle) relative to Cytarabine (42% and 38%), indicating significant antiproliferative activity. Cytotoxicity assays revealed Gemcitabine induced 44% apoptosis, 2.9-fold Caspase-3/7 activation, and 46% LDH release—slightly lower than Cytarabine’s 58%, 3.8-fold, and 61%, respectively. These data suggest that Gemcitabine triggers strong but controlled cytotoxic and apoptotic responses, reflecting a potent anticancer effect with a possibly improved therapeutic window. Overall, Gemcitabine exhibits promising activity in AML cells, meriting further evaluation for clinical repositioning or combination therapy development.

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