World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

LC–MS CHARACTERIZATION AND CELL VIABILITY AND CYTOTOXIC ASSESSMENT OF FAZARABINE IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML) CELL LINE MODELS

Dr. Syed Ahmed Hussain*, Fariya Sultana, Ghousia Begum, Nada Ahmed Al Amoodi, Bilquis Begum, Somabatthini Shruthi, Ayesha Ayub Khan, Muskan Khatoon

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the in vitro therapeutic potential of Fazarabine, a nucleoside analog, compared with the standard chemotherapeutic agent Cytarabine in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) cell line models. Five assays were employed—two for cell viability (Resazurin/Alamar Blue and ATP Luminescence) and three for cytotoxicity (Annexin V/PI, Caspase-3/7 activity, and LDH release). Fazarabine maintained high viability (85% and 88%) across both metabolic assays, while Cytarabine reduced viability to 42% and 38%, respectively. Cytotoxicity data revealed moderate apoptotic induction by Fazarabine (18% apoptotic cells, 1.4-fold caspase-3/7 activation, 15% LDH release), compared to marked cytotoxic effects of Cytarabine (58%, 3.8-fold, and 61%, respectively). These results suggest that Fazarabine exhibits intermediate bioactivity, balancing cytostatic and cytotoxic effects, unlike Cytarabine’s intense apoptosis induction. The findings indicate potential for Fazarabine as a less-toxic alternative or combinatorial agent in AML therapy, meriting deeper investigation into its mechanistic profile and metabolic activation pathways.

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