World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

MULTI-OBJECTIVE FRAMEWORK FOR SIZING AND SITING BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS UNDER SOLAR AND LOAD UNCERTAINTY: APPLICATION TO THE SENEGALESE POWER SYSTEM

Issa Rohou Laye Sonko*

ABSTRACT

P?w?r syst?ms subjected t? pr?n?un?ed s?lar vari?bility ?re pla?ing in?reasing emphasis ?n battery energy st?r?ge systems. Y?t th? c?ntributi?n ?f st?rag? t? system perf?rmanc? ?ann?t be inf?rred fr?m namepl?te capacity al?ne. It d?pends ?n the el?ctrical l?cati?n ?f the interc?nn?cti?n, the balan?e b?tw??n p?wer and ?nergy ratings, ?perati?n?l p?li?y, ?nd the p?rticular netw?rk c?nstraint that is active at each m?ment. This study d?v?l?ps a multi-?bj??tive planning fr?mew?rk f?r the Seneg?lese transmissi?n grid th?t ti?s st?rage siting and sizing d?cisi?ns dir?ctly t? s?cure ph?t?v?lt?ic h?sting capacity (HCs?cur?). Th? d??isi?n spac? en??mpasses the p?int ?f ??nn??ti?n, c?nverter p?wer, us?ble ?nergy c?pa?ity, and st?rage durati?n. Th? ?ptimiz?ti?n trades ?ff annualized inv?stment ??st ?gainst ph?t?v?lt?ic curtailment, tr?nsmissi?n l?sses, ??pected energy n?t suppli?d, and th? incr?m?nt in HCs?cure. The f?rmul?ti?n includ?s ?lt?rn?ting-?urr?nt p?wer-fl?w physi?s, N−1 se?urity, state-?f-charg? tr?j?ct?ries, reserve pr?visi?n, t?rminal c?nstraints, and e?pli?it r?pr?sentati?ns ?f s?lar and l??d unc?rtainty. The ?ase study fus?s ?fficial 2025 data with a re??nstructed 2022 PATRP snapsh?t th?t is retain?d s?lely as a hist?rical reference. That r?c?nstru?ti?n reflects 358 MW ?f p?ak imp?rts, 52 MW ?f spinning reserve in the d?cument?d unit c?mmitment, ?ight benchmark l??ding ??nditi?ns, and sev?n shunt r?act?rs. The 10 MW/20 MWh Wal? St?rage facility c?mmissi?n?d in 2025 serves as an ?bserved ?per?ting ben?hmark r?ther than evid?nce ?f ?n ?ptim?l nati?n?l st?rag? size. A B0–B9 pr?t?c?l pr?serv?s a clear separ?ti?n b?twe?n m??sured ?bservati?ns, hist?ri?al baselin?s, sensitivity assumpti?ns, and s?lver ?utputs. On?e th? SPS-2025 AC m?del is param?terized with th? requir?d ?p?rat?r inputs, th? framew?rk can d?liver audit?ble Paret?-?ptim?l s?luti?ns with?ut attributing unverified numeri??l ?ut??mes t? the S?negalese grid.

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