World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

MN₃O₄@NANOERYTHROCYTE-T7 PEPTIDE: A BIOMIMETIC NANOPLATFORM FOR TARGETED ISCHEMIC STROKE THERAPY

*G. Sai Teja, Dr. B. Raja Narender, T. Gayathri

ABSTRACT

Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and long-term neurological disability worldwide, primarily resulting
from blockage of cerebral blood vessels and subsequent ischemia-reperfusion injury. Excessive production of
reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation, neuronal apoptosis and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption
significantly contribute to neurological damage following stroke. Conventional therapies mainly focus on restoring
blood flow but provide limited protection against oxidative stress and reperfusion-associated injury. Therefore, the
development of multifunctional neuroprotective nanomedicines has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy.
Nanosponges are porous, biocompatible nanoparticles capable of encapsulating both hydrophilic and lipophilic
substances, offering advantages such as enhanced stability, targeted delivery and improved therapeutic efficacy.
Among these, Mn3O4@nanoerythrocyte-T7peptide (MNET) represents an innovative biomimetic nano sponge
system designed for targeted ischemic stroke therapy. This formulation consists of manganese oxide (Mn3O4)
nanoparticles enclosed within nano erythrocyte membranes and functionalized with T7 peptide to enhance BBB
penetration and brain targeting. The Mn3O4 nanoparticles exhibit potent ROS-scavenging nanoenzyme activity,
thereby reducing oxidative damage in ischemic brain tissue. The nano erythrocyte membrane improves
biocompatibility, prolongs circulation time and supports adaptive oxygen regulation during ischemia brain regions.
Experimental studies have demonstrated that MNET significantly reduces infarct volume, decreases neuronal
apoptosis and improves neurological recovery. Overall, Mn3O4@nanoerythrocyte-T7 offers a promising
biomimetic nanotherapeutic approach for ischemic stroke management by simultaneously addressing oxidative
stress, hypoxia and reperfusion injury, thereby presenting potential advantages over conventional stroke therapies.

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