World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MEDICATED LOZENGES: A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF HERBAL AND NON-HERBAL LOZENGES

Gnanisha M.*, Avinash M., V. Parthasarathi

ABSTRACT

Lozenges are one of the oldest and most widely accepted oral solid dosage forms designed to provide local and, in some cases, systemic therapeutic effects through gradual dissolution in the oral cavity. Their ability to prolong drug
residence time in the mouth, improve patient compliance, and mask unpleasant tastes has made them valuable in
the management of throat infections, oral disorders, cough, and other conditions. This review presents a
comprehensive overview of the formulation and evaluation of medicated lozenges with a comparative emphasis on
herbal and non-herbal preparations. The article discusses the historical development of lozenges, their classification
based on texture, composition, and site of action, and the role of various excipients in ensuring product stability,
palatability, and controlled drug release. Different manufacturing techniques employed for hard, soft, and
compressed lozenges are described along with key evaluation parameters including physical characteristics, drug
content uniformity, dissolution behavior, stability, and patient acceptability. Furthermore, the review highlights the
growing interest in herbal lozenges due to their natural origin, safety profile, and therapeutic potential, while also
examining the advantages of conventional non-herbal formulations in terms of standardized dosing and proven
clinical efficacy. The comparative assessment indicates that both herbal and non-herbal lozenges offer unique
benefits, and their selection depends on therapeutic requirements, formulation feasibility, patient preference, and
regulatory considerations. Overall, medicated lozenges continue to represent an effective and patient-friendly
platform for oral drug delivery with significant opportunities for future pharmaceutical innovation.

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