World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

CHARACTERIZATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF ACTIVE COMPOUNDS CAFFEINE AND QUERCETIN BY UV–VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY

Krishan Kumar Verma*, Rajesh Gour, A. K. Singhai

ABSTRACT

The present study focuses on the characterization and quantification of the active compounds caffeine and quercetin using a simple and reliable UV–Visible spectrophotometric method. Both compounds were initially characterized through organoleptic properties, solubility studies, melting point determination, pH analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy, confirming their identity and purity. Caffeine was observed as a white, odorless crystalline powder, while quercetin appeared as a yellow crystalline solid, with both showing physicochemical properties consistent with standard references. UV–Visible spectrophotometric analysis revealed distinct maximum absorbance (λmax) values of 273 nm for caffeine and 373 nm for quercetin, with an isobestic point at 263 nm, indicating suitability for simultaneous analysis. The methods demonstrated good linearity within Beer’s law ranges of 5–25 μg/ml for caffeine and 10–50μg/ml for quercetin, with correlation coefficients of 0.9912 and 0.9945, respectively. The slope values (0.0636 for caffeine and 0.0643 for quercetin) indicated good sensitivity of the method. Validation parameters confirmed the reliability of the method, with low %RSD values for precision studies, including repeatability (0.550% for caffeine and 1.398% for quercetin), intraday (0.642% and 0.937%), and interday (0.549% and 0.820%) variations. Ruggedness and robustness studies showed %RSD values below 2%, indicating consistency under different analysts and temperature conditions. The method also exhibited good sensitivity, with LOD values of 1.220μg/ml (caffeine) and 2.113μg/ml (quercetin), and LOQ values of 3.698 μg/ml and 6.404μg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, the developed UV–Visible spectrophotometric method is simple, accurate, precise, and cost-effective for the characterization and quantitative estimation of caffeine and quercetin. The method complies with ICH validation guidelines and is suitable for routine analysis in pharmaceutical and quality control laboratories.

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