World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

THE ROLE OF MODERN LIFESTYLE FACTORS IN SHAPING PSYCHIATRIC DISEASE TRENDS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Kuldeep Choubisa*, Aswani Hirva, Vaidhya Tej

ABSTRACT

The accelerating pace of modernization has profoundly reshaped human behavior, physiology, and mental health. This review synthesizes evidence from recent epidemiological and mechanistic studies to examine how contemporary lifestyle factors contribute to the rising global burden of psychiatric disorders. Sleep disturbances, sedentary behavior, and excessive digital and social media exposure, nutritional transitions toward ultra-processed diets, substance use, and urban environmental stressors are key contributors to neuropsychiatric vulnerability. These factors exert biological effects via hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, neuroinflammation, circadian rhythm disruption, and altered dopaminergic and serotonergic signaling. The synthesis highlights bidirectional links between lifestyle modification and psychiatric outcomes—emphasizing the growing discipline of lifestyle psychiatry. Public health integration, including policy-level interventions, behavioral therapy frameworks, and digital lifestyle tracking, holds promise for scalable prevention. A socioecological model is proposed wherein modern lifestyle determinants interact with neurobiological systems to shape mental health trajectories. This comprehensive review underscores the urgent need for interdisciplinary strategies to mitigate the mental health toll of 21st-century living.

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