World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

LC–MS–DRIVEN QUANTITATIVE AND PHARMACODYNAMIC EVALUATION OF SORAFENIB IN RENAL CARCINOMA CELL LINE MODELS

Nada Ahmed Al Amoodi*, Dr. Syed Ahmed Hussain, Ghousia Begum, Fariya Sultana, Bilquis Begum, Somabatthini Shruthi, Ayesha Ayub Khan, Muskan Khatoon

ABSTRACT

This study evaluates the in vitro antitumor and apoptotic effects of Sorafenib compared with Sunitinib in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell line models (786-O, Caki-1, A498). A five-assay panel was utilized to assess cell viability, metabolic activity, and apoptotic induction. Sorafenib demonstrated moderate antiproliferative efficacy, reducing cell viability and ATP content to 58% and 55%, respectively, relative to the vehicle control. Apoptosis assays revealed a 43% apoptotic cell fraction, 2.6-fold caspase-3/7 activation, and 44% LDH release, indicating measurable cytotoxic potential. In comparison, Sunitinib induced higher apoptosis (57%), stronger caspase activation (3.5-fold), and greater membrane damage (58%). These findings suggest that Sorafenib exerts partial cytotoxic and apoptotic activity, functioning predominantly through kinase inhibition of RAF, VEGFR, and PDGFR pathways, with a milder apoptotic response than Sunitinib. The study highlights Sorafenib’s intermediate potency within TKI-based therapies for RCC and its balance between antiproliferative efficacy and cellular tolerance.

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