World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

LC–MS–SUPPORTED ANALYTICAL AND THERAPEUTIC EXPLORATION OF CLADRIBINE IN PANCREATIC CANCER CELL LINE MODELS

Bilquis Begum*, Dr. Syed Ahmed Hussain, Ghousia Begum, Nada Ahmed Al Amoodi, Fariya Sultana, Somabatthini Shruthi, Ayesha Ayub Khan, Muskan Khatoon

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the in vitro anticancer potential of Cladribine compared with Gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cell line models (PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2, AsPC-1). A five-assay panel was employed to assess cell viability, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity. In viability assays (Resazurin/Alamar Blue and ATP Luminescence), Cladribine exhibited strong growth inhibition, reducing viability to 33% and ATP content to 31%, surpassing Gemcitabine (44% and 39%, respectively). Cytotoxicity assays revealed robust apoptosis induction by Cladribine—66% apoptotic cells, 4.1-fold caspase-3/7 activation, and 70% LDH release—exceeding the levels seen with Gemcitabine (59%, 3.7-fold, and 60%). These findings highlight Cladribine’s potent antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects, likely mediated by DNA incorporation, inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase, and subsequent activation of the caspase cascade. Overall, Cladribine demonstrates superior cytotoxic potency in pancreatic cancer models, suggesting potential as a promising chemotherapeutic candidate or as an adjunct to existing nucleoside analog-based therapies.

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