World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

LC–MS-ASSISTED EVALUATION OF 5-AZA-2′-DEOXYCYTIDINE AS AN EPIGENETIC THERAPEUTIC IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML) CELL LINE MODELS

Fariya Sultana*, Dr. Syed Ahmed Hussain, Ghousia Begum, Nada Ahmed Al Amoodi, Bilquis Begum, Somabatthini Shruthi, Ayesha Ayub Khan, Muskan Khatoon

ABSTRACT

This study explores the in vitro therapeutic potential of 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (Decitabine) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line models using a five-assay screening panel. Two assays (Resazurin/Alamar Blue and ATP Luminescence) measured cell viability, while three assays (Annexin V/PI, Caspase-3/7 activity, and LDH release) assessed cytotoxicity and apoptosis. 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine produced a pronounced reduction in viability (35% and 32%) compared to Cytarabine (42% and 38%), indicating stronger antiproliferative action. Cytotoxicity data revealed substantial apoptosis induction (63% apoptotic cells, 4.2-fold Caspase-3/7 activation, and 70% LDH release) surpassing Cytarabine’s 58%, 3.8-fold, and 61%, respectively. These results demonstrate that 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine triggers potent apoptotic signaling and membrane damage, suggesting higher cytotoxic efficacy. Overall, the findings highlight its strong potential as an epigenetic-modulating antileukemic agent, warranting further investigation into its mechanism and clinical integration alongside standard AML chemotherapy.

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