World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

EVALUATION OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE MODULATION IN CIRRHINUS MRIGALA FOLLOWING ACUTE PIRIMICARB EXPOSURE

Madhav Bhilave*

ABSTRACT

The quantification of toxicity is a highly complex process as toxic effects may manifest in both acute and chronic forms, and their intensity varies considerably depending on several biological and environmental determinants. These include species differences, genetic makeup, physiological conditions, environmental parameters, age, sex, health status, and nutritional background of the exposed organisms. Unlike experimental model organisms, which are often inbred and genetically uniform, the human population is highly outbred and exhibits extensive genetic variability. This genetic heterogeneity significantly influences susceptibility to toxicants, making toxicity assessment in humans more intricate. The simplest indices of toxicity are expressed in terms of organismal mortality or morbidity. Pirimicarb is a selective carbamate insecticide, widely employed as an aphicide for the control of aphid infestations since the 1990s in India. It has a molecular weight of 238.29 g/mol, appears as a colourless crystalline powder, and exhibits physicochemical characteristics such as solubility in water at 2700 mg/L, density of 1.21 g/cm³, and a vapour pressure of 7.28 × 10?? mmHg. Owing to its strong aphicidal efficiency, Pirimicarb is favoured over other carbamates and is extensively used in integrated pest management practices worldwide. In the present investigation, the alkaline phosphatase response in the freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala subjected to acute pirimicarb exposure was evaluated. This study was designed to elucidate the enzymatic alterations triggered by pesticide-induced stress and to provide insights into the biochemical consequences of short-term exposure, thereby contributing to the understanding of pirimicarb toxicity in aquatic organisms.

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