World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

GALLBLADDER CANCER: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NAVIGATING RISK FACTORS AND ADVANCING PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES

Ronak Sorathiya*, Dr. Alice Melinda

ABSTRACT

Gallbladder cancer (GBC), the fifth most common and aggressive gastrointestinal malignancy, with significant global incidence variation and high mortality rates. The multifactorial aetiology, identifying key risk factors encompasses age, gender, geographic location, obesity, genetic predispositions, gallstones, infections, chronic inflammation, anatomical abnormalities and environmental factors plays a role in disease occurrence. Early detection of GBC remains challenging due to its asymptomatic nature in initial stages, non-specific symptoms, late-stage presentation and rapid progression contributing to poor prognosis. Diagnostic modalities encompass ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and histopathological examination, which remains the gold standard. Tumor markers like CA19-9 and CEA can aid in diagnosis but lack specificity. Preventive measures, particularly prophylactic cholecystectomy for high-risk individuals, are emphasized as effective strategies to reduce GBC incidence long with dietary and lifestyle modification. Postoperative metabolic and gastrointestinal sequelae highlight the need long-term follow-up. Overall, this study emphasizes the need of further research into GBC pathogenesis through molecular research, may lead to improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, targeted prevention strategies and public health initiatives to mitigate the impact of gallbladder cancer, ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality associated with this lethal disease.

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