World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN CHILDREN: A NEW CASE REPORT

N. Seghrouchni*, Y. Fahfouhi, N. Lamaalmi, H. Lachraf and A. Mdaghri Alaoui

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease caused by flagellated protozoa of the genus Leishmania. It is a zoonotic disease transmitted by the bite of female sandflies. In Morocco, CL occurs sporadically or endemically depending on the species and regions. The aim of our study is to highlight the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic, and evolutionary features of CL in children. Case Report: A 2-year-old girl from Kenitra with no relevant medical history and no travel to endemic areas presented with a nodular lesion with a well-defined, rounded shape and irregular surface. No general symptoms were noted, and biological investigations were unremarkable. Antibiotic treatment was ineffective. Parasitological examination of a skin biopsy confirmed the presence of Leishmania bodies. The patient was treated with oral clarithromycin, with favorable outcome and complete healing. Discussion: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a major public health concern worldwide. Three main species are implicated: L. major, L. tropica, and L. infantum. Global prevalence of all clinical forms is estimated at 12 million cases. The vector is a blood-feeding female insect that inoculates the parasite into humans. Reservoirs include rodents, dogs, and cats. CL typically presents as painless polymorphic skin lesions, such as ulcerated nodules and plaques, limited to exposed areas and without systemic symptoms. Diagnosis is confirmed through parasitological examination. Treatment includes both local and systemic therapy. Conclusion: This case report and literature review emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management of CL, along with effective preventive strategies.

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