Abstract
A REVIEW ARTICLE ON EXPLORING HETEROCYCLES: FROM STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY TO BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
Soundrya P. Nikam*, Afroja A. Mujawar, Dhairyasheel S. Chavan and Vinayak S. Mane
ABSTRACT
Heterocyclic compounds are organic molecules characterized by ring structures containing at least one heteroatom commonly nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. These compounds play a crucial role in organic chemistry due to their presence in a wide range of biologically active substances, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, vitamins, and hormones. Their ability to influence properties such as solubility, polarity, and bioavailability makes them essential in drug design and development. Heterocycles can vary in ring size (three- to six-membered), influencing their stability and pharmacological behavior. Their mechanism of action includes diverse structural interactions with biological targets, modulation of metabolic pathways, and high selectivity, enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxicity. Advances in synthetic methods have further expanded their applications in modern medicinal chemistry.
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