World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS MANAGEMENT

Dr. Abhishek Soni*, Abhay, Aakash Thakur, Aditya Thakur, Dr. Rajender Guleria

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. It is categorized primarily into type 1 and type 2 diabetes, with type 2 being the more prevalent form globally and in India. India is witnessing an alarming increase in diabetes cases, influenced by urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, and dietary changes. The disease is further complicated by socio-economic disparities, geographic variability, and lack of nationwide epidemiological data. Insulin plays a pivotal role in glucose metabolism, and its dysfunction leads to a wide range of systemic effects and complications. Diagnosis involves tests such as fasting blood glucose, random glucose measurement, and oral glucose tolerance tests. The burden of diabetes is further compounded by gestational and secondary diabetes, with significant health implications. Early symptoms include frequent urination, increased thirst, weight loss, and fatigue. Effective management requires early detection, lifestyle modification, public awareness, and structured government policies. Global best practices such as those implemented in the US, UK, Australia, and the UAE demonstrate that comprehensive public health initiatives can improve diabetes care. India must adopt similar grassroots efforts to mitigate this growing public health challenge.

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