World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

EXPLORING DRUG RESISTANCE IN SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA: CHALLENGES AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS

Sumaiyya Mehreen*, Ayesha Munawar and Syed Majid

ABSTRACT

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 2-Bromo-3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline, a PD-1 inhibitor, in inhibiting cell proliferation in kidney cancer cell lines using various cell viability assays. Objective: The objective was to compare 2-Bromo-3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline's anticancer activity with the widely used chemotherapy drug Cisplatin and analyze its effectiveness at different concentrations. Research: The research employed five distinct assays—MTT, CellTiter-Glo Luminescent, Alamar Blue, SRB, and LDH Cytotoxicity—to measure the effects of 2-Bromo-3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline on cell viability. Kidney cancer cell lines were treated with 2-Bromo-3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline at concentrations of 1 µM, 5 µM, and 10 µM for 24–72 hours. Each assay provided unique insights into cell viability, metabolic activity, and cytotoxicity. The data indicated a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability across all assays. Conclusion: 2-Bromo-3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline demonstrated significant cytotoxic effects against kidney cancer cells, comparable to Cisplatin at higher concentrations. These findings suggest 2-Bromo-3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline as a potential alternative treatment for renal cancer.

[Full Text Article]   [Download Certificate]