World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

A REVIEW ON HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF FETUS AND NEWBORN (HDFN)

Shaikh Sameer Shaikh Farid*, Syed Nabeel Ahmad, Kartik G. Jadhav, Rathod Ashwin Datta and Syed Saqlain Syed Saleem

ABSTRACT

The potentially fatal illness known as Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn (HDFN) results from a pregnant woman's and her fetus's blood type differences. A thorough description of HDFN, including its pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment options, and preventative measures, is given in this review. The most prevalent cause of HDFN is Rh incompatibility, which occurs when a Rh-negative mother carries a Rh-positive baby. This causes maternal alloimmunization and the consequent death of fetal red blood cells. Prenatal care advancements including systematic antenatal antibody screening and preventive use of Rh immunoglobulin have decreased the prevalence and severity of Rh-related HDFN by a substantial margin. Although less prevalent, non-Rh blood group incompatibilities are also covered, emphasizing their clinical significance. The roles of several diagnostic modalities, including as ultrasonography and Doppler investigations, in the early diagnosis and monitoring of afflicted pregnancies are examined. In order to establish a foundation for clinical practice, therapeutic interventions—from intrauterine transfusions to early delivery and postnatal care—are addressed. In order to highlight the continuous need for breakthroughs in this crucial field of maternal-fetal medicine, new research and future approaches in the prevention and treatment of HDFN are finally examined. In order to improve outcomes for afflicted infants and their families, this review seeks to educate medical professionals on current best practices and recent advancements in the understanding and management of HDFN.

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