World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

EFFECT OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM AND ENDOMYCORRHIZAE ON GROWTH AND FUSARIUM WILT OF TOMATO AND EGGPLANT.

Fadoua Sghir, Jihane Touati, Btissam Mouria, Karima Selmoui, Amina Ouazzani Touhami, Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf, Cherkaoui El Modafar, Abdelmajid Moukhli, Rachid Benkirane, and Allal Douira*

ABSTRACT

The effect of endomycorrhizae (AMF) and strain of Trichoderma harzianum Tcomp was tested on the growth of tomato and eggplant plants against Fusarium wilt caused by the strain FA5 of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis isolated from the date-palm plants attacked by bayoud. The agronomic parameters of tomato plants co-inoculated with AMF and Tcomp are greater compared to other treatments, namely, number of flowers (8), fruits number (1.5), leaves number (14.5), aerial part length (46 cm), root length (18 cm), fresh weight of the aerial part (38.5 g) and fresh weight of root part (15.1 g). Similarly, eggplant plants had an increase in agronomic parameters following this double inoculation, flowers number (10.3), fruits number (0.5) number of leaves (26 , 5), the length of the aerial part (40.1 cm), root part length (17.3 cm), aerial part fresh weight (42.1 g) and root fresh weight (18.3 g). Tomato plants inoculated with only F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis FA5 showed the highest dwarfing indices and leaf alteration indices (DI: 80%; LAI: 0.812). These indices decreased sharply in the application of mycorrhizae only (DI: 2.23%; LAI: 0.06) or T. harzianum alone (DI:3.87%; LAI: 0.065), while the double inoculation T. harzianum and mycorrhizae has better inhibited the leaves alteration (LAI: 0,021). Similarly, the co-inoculation of eggplant seedlings with mycorrhizae and T. harzianum has generated the weakest DI and LAI (DI: 3.45%; LAI: 0.0816), whereas the controls plants inoculated only with the pathogen have shown the highest indices (IR: 56%; IAF: 0.689). Indeed, co-inoculation with Tcomp and AMF has prevented the migration of F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (FA5) to the aerial part of the two plant species, and has decreased its presence in the root part (Tomato: 3%; eggplant: 6%) It should be noted that the AMF did not hinder the roots colonization with T. harzianum Tcomp. Co-inoculation of AMF, with F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis or TComp or both at once has not prevented the formation of endomycorrhizal structures, the intensity and spore’s number are respectively (63%, 260 spores); (56%, 220 spores) and (48%, 180 spores) for tomato and (45%, 280 spores); (38%, 246 spores) and (36%, 190 spores) for eggplant.

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