World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF MALARIA ENDEMICITY BASED ON RISK FACTOR MODELS OF VECTOR BEHAVIOR, VECTOR TREATMENT, AND SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM WITH THE POTENTIAL OF MALARIA EVENTS IN MANGGARAI DISTRICT IN 2019

Yohanes Yan Kemismar*, Pius Weraman and Imelda Manurung

ABSTRACT

Background: Malaria cases in NTT province continue to decline but until now it is still an endemic area and accounts for around 21% of Malaria cases in Indonesia (NTT Health Office, 2017). In endemic areas, Malaria affects the burden on the health sector both in hospitals and health centers, Malaria also causes economic losses including losses from the tourism sector due to the threat of this disease to tourists. Malaria can also reduce labor productivity and increase the absenteeism of school students where 8% of student absences are due to Malaria (Unicef Kupang, 2016). In the last 5 years, API (Annual Parasite Incidence) in Manggarai district decreased, in 2014 it was 0.22, in 2015 it was 0.16, in 2016 it was 0.19, in 2017 it was 0.09 and in 2018 it was 0.09. And the main requirement for a Malaria-free area is the Annual Parasite Incident (API), or annual parasitic incidents, under one per 1,000 population and there is no case of Malaria in the local population for three consecutive years (NTT Provincial Health Office, 2018). Objective: to analyze spatially, individual characteristics, behavior of Anopheles sp. Mosquitoes, breeding places for Anopheles sp. Mosquitoes, surveillance systems that are related to the potential incidence of malaria in Manggarai district. Method: This research is quantitative research with analytic observation approach, and case-control design. Case-control is a study conducted by comparing two groups, namely the case group and the control group (Notoatmodjo, 2010). Case-control studies are carried out by identifying case groups and control groups, then retrospectively investigating risk factors that might explain whether cases and controls may be exposed to exposure or not. in this study, data on the potential for Malaria events were identified at this time and then associated with risk factors namely the behavior of vectors (Anopheles sp), vector breeding places (Anopheles sp. mosquitoes), individual characteristics, and surveillance systems. Results: bivariate analysis, the variables that had influence were age, sex, occupation, population mobility, presence, type, distance, presence, type, paddy field distance, existence, type, buffalo puddle distance, existence, type, distance like fish, existence, type, gutter distance, existence, type,the distance of buffalo footprints, presence, type, the distance of puddles with p-value <0.25, Anopheles sp. the final model of two variables simultaneously influencing the potential for Malaria events in Manggarai Regency is> 35 years of age having an opportunity of 0.378 times and population mobility, 8,750 times. Conclusion: there is a relationship between vector behavior, vector breeding place, population mobility and age of population> 35 years to the potential for malaria in Manggarai district.

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